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Severe flooding occurred during the 2011 monsoon season in Thailand. Beginning at the end of July triggered by the landfall of Tropical Storm Nock-ten, flooding soon spread through the provinces of northern, northeastern, and central Thailand along the Mekong and Chao Phraya river basins. In October floodwaters reached the mouth of the Chao Phraya and inundated parts of the capital city of Bangkok. Flooding persisted in some areas until mid-January 2012, and resulted in a total of 815 deaths (with 3 missing) and 13.6 million people affected. Sixty-five of Thailand's 77 provinces were declared flood disaster zones, and over of farmland was damaged. The disaster has been described as "the worst flooding yet in terms of the amount of water and people affected." The World Bank has estimated 1,425 billion baht (US$45.7 billion) in economic damages and losses due to flooding, as of 1 December 2011. Most of this was due to the manufacturing industry, as seven major industrial estates were inundated by as much 3 meters (10 feet) during the floods. Disruptions to manufacturing supply chains affected regional automobile production and caused a global shortage of hard disk drives which lasted throughout 2012. The World Bank's estimate for this disaster means it ranks as the world's fourth costliest disaster as of 2011 surpassed only by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan, 1995 Kobe earthquake, and Hurricane Katrina in 2005.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Top 5 most expensive natural disasters in history )〕 A (2015 study ) suggests increasing odds for potential flooding similar to the 2011 flood intensity to occur in the future.〔Promchote et al. 2015 http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0310.1〕 Thailand's southern provinces also saw seasonal flash-flooding towards the end of the year, although these were not as destructive as in the more northerly provinces. ==Background== Various regions of Thailand are prone to seasonal flash-flooding due to their tropical savanna climate. The floods often occur in the north and spread down the Chao Phraya River through the central plains, in the northeast along the Chi and Mun Rivers flowing into the Mekong, or in the coastal hillsides of the east and south. Remnants of tropical storms that strike Vietnam or the peninsular south commonly increase precipitation, resulting in further risk of flooding. Drainage control systems, including several dams, irrigation canals and flood detention basins, have been constructed, but are inadequate to prevent flood damage, especially in rural areas. Much effort, including a system of drainage tunnels begun in 2001, has been put into preventing the inundation of the capital city, which lies near the mouth of the Chao Phraya and is prone to flooding, with considerable success. Bangkok has seen only brief and minor flooding since the major flood of 1995. Other regions, however, had experienced severe flooding as recently as 2010. Ominously, rainfall in March 2011 over the area of northern Thailand was an extraordinary 344% above the mean. Bhumibol Dam in particular received 242.8 mm of rain, 224.7 mm above the normal 25.2 mm. Since 1 January the dam had accumulated 245.9 mm, 216.0 mm or 186% above normal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2011 Thailand floods」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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